主要统计指标解释

［地区生产总值(地区GDP)］指按市场价格计算的一个地区所有常住单位在一定时期内生产活动的最终成果。地区生产总值有三种表现形态，即价值形态、收入形态和产品形态。从价值形态看，它是所有常住单位在一定时期内生产的全部货物和服务价值与同期投入的全部非固定资产货物和服务价值的差额，即所有常住单位的增加值之和；从收入形态看，它是所有常住单位在一定时期内创造并分配给常住单位和非常住单位的初次收入之和；从产品形态看，它是所有常住单位在一定时期内最终使用的货物和服务价值与货物和服务净流出价值之和。

［三次产业］三次产业的划分是世界上较为常用的产业结构分类，但各国的划分不尽一致。根据国家统计局《三次产业划分规定》和《国民经济行业分类》（GB/T 4754-2017），我国的三次产业划分是：

第一产业是指农、林、牧、渔业（不含农、林、牧、渔专业及辅助性活动）。

第二产业是指采矿业（不含开采专业及辅助活动），制造业（不含金属制品、机械和设备修理业），电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业，建筑业。

第三产业即服务业，是指除第一、二产业以外的其他行业。

［当年价格］指报告期的实际价格，如工厂的出厂价格，农产品的收购价格，商业的零售价格等。使用当年价格计算的数字，是为了使国民经济各项指标互相衔接，便于考察当年社会经济效益，便于对生产和流通、生产和分配、生产和消费进行经济核算和综合平衡。

按当年价格计算的价值指标，在不同年份之间进行对比时，因为包含有各年间价格变动的因素，不能确切地反映实物量的增减变动。必须消除价格变动因素后，才能真实反映经济发展动态。因此，在计算增长速度时都使用按可比价格计算。

［可比价格］指在不同时期的价值指标对比时，扣除了价格变动的因素，以确切反映实物量的变化。按可比价格计算有两种方法:一种是直接用产品产量乘某一年的不变价格计算;另一种是用价格指数换算。

［支出法地区生产总值］是从最终使用的角度反映一个地区一定时期内生产活动最终成果的一种方法，包括最终消费支出、资本形成总额及货物和服务净流出三部分。计算公式为：

支出法地区生产总值=最终消费支出+资本形成总额+货物和服务净流出

［最终消费支出］指常住单位为满足物质、文化和精神生活的需要，从本国经济领土和国外购买的货物和服务的支出。它不包括非常住单位在本国经济领土内的消费支出。最终消费支出分为居民消费支出和政府消费支出。

［居民消费支出］指常住住户承担的个人消费性货物和服务支出。居民消费支出既包括直接以货币形式购买货物和服务的消费支出，也包括以其他方式获得的货物和服务消费价值，后者称为虚拟支出，主要包括：单位以实物报酬或实物转移的形式提供给员工的货物和服务；住户生产用于自身消费的货物（如自产自用的农产品），以及纳入生产核算范围并用于自身消费的服务（如住户的自有住房服务）；金融机构提供的、隐含在利息中的金融中介服务；保险机构提供的、隐含在保费中的保险服务。

［政府消费支出］指政府部门为全社会提供的公共服务支出和为居民（个人）提供的货物和服务支出。其中，公共服务支出包括国家安全和国防、行政管理、制定法律规章、维护社会秩序和环境保护等方面的支出，它等于政府服务的产出价值减去政府机构有偿提供服务所获收入的差额。为居民（个人）提供的货物和服务支出等于政府部门免费或以没有显著经济意义的价格向居民提供的货物和服务的价值减去向居民收取的费用，主要包括政府针对医疗卫生、教育、文化娱乐和社会保障等方面的支出。

［资本形成总额］指常住单位在一定时期内获得减去处置的固定资产和存货的净额，包括固定资本形成总额和存货变动两部分。

［固定资本形成总额］指常住单位在一定时期内获得的固定资产减处置的固定资产的价值总额。固定资产是通过生产活动生产出来的，且其使用年限在一年以上的资产，不包括自然资产、耐用消费品、小型工器具。固定资本形成总额按购买者价格计算，并在所有权发生变化时记录。核算内容主要包括住宅，非住宅建筑物，机器和设备（包括武器系统），知识产权产品中的研发支出、计算机软件、矿藏勘探费、文学艺术品原件，新增役、种、奶、毛及娱乐用牲畜和新增经济林木价值等培育资产，住宅产权和非生产资产所有权转移费用等。目前由于数据资料来源困难，暂不对研发支出、文学艺术品原件、培育资产、住宅产权和非生产资产所有权转移费用进行核算。

［存货变动］指常住单位按市场价格计算的存货变化的价值，即期末价值减期初价值的差额，其中不包括核算期内由于价格变动而产生的持有损益。存货的核算范围既包括生产单位购进的原材料、燃料和储备物资等存货，也包括生产单位生产的产成品、在制品和半成品等存货。存货变动可以是正值，也可以是负值，正值表示存货增加，负值表示存货减少。根据资料来源，存货变动按行业计算。

［货物和服务净流出］指货物和服务流出减货物和服务流入的差额。流出包括常住单位向非常住单位出售或无偿转让的各种货物和服务的价值，流入包括常住单位从非常住单位购买或无偿得到的各种货物和服务的价值。

Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)  refers to the final products produced by all resident units in a region during a certain period of time. Gross domestic product is expressed in three different perspectives, namely value, income, and products respectively. GDP in its value perspective refers to the balance of total value of all goods and services produced by all resident units during a certain period of time, minus the total value of input of goods and services of the nature of non-fixed assets; in other words, it is the sum of the value-added of all resident units. GDP from the perspective of income refers to the sum of all kinds of revenue, including compensation of employees, net taxes on production, depreciation of fixed assets, and operating surplus. GDP from the perspective of products refers to the value of all goods and services for final demand by all resident units plus the net exports of goods and services during a given period of time.

Three Strata of Industry  Classification of economic activities into three strata of industries is a common practice in the world, although the grouping varies to some extent from country to country. In China, according to Industrial Classification for National Economic Activities (GB/T 4754—2017) and Rules on Division of Three Strata of Industries, economic activities are categorized into the following three strata of industries:

Primary industry refers to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industries (not including services in support of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industries).

Secondary industry refers to mining and quarrying (not including support activities for mining), manufacturing (not including repair service of metal products, machinery and equipment), production and supply of electricity, heat, gas and water, and construction.

Tertiary industry refers to all other economic activities not included in the primary or secondary industries.

GDP by Expenditure Approach  refers to the method of measuring the final results of production activities of a country (region) during a given period from the perspective of final uses. It includes final consumption expenditure, gross capital formation and net export of goods and services. The formula for computation is:

GDP by expenditure approach = final consumption expenditure + gross capital formation + net export of goods and services

Final Consumption Expenditure  refers to the total expenditure of resident units for purchases of goods and services from both the domestic economic territory and abroad to meet the needs of material, cultural and spiritual life. It does not include the expenditure of non-resident units on consumption in the economic territory of the country. The final consumption expenditure is broken down into household consumption expenditure and government consumption expenditure.

Household Consumption Expenditure  refers to the total expenditure of resident households on the final consumption of goods and services. In addition to the consumption of goods and services bought by the households directly with money, the household consumption expenditure also includes expenditure on goods and services obtained by the households in other ways, i.e. the so-called imputed consumption expenditure, which mainly includes: (a) the goods and services provided to households by employers in the form of payment in kind and transfer in kind; (b) goods and services produced and consumed by the households themselves (such as self-producing-and-self-consuming agricultural products); (c) financial intermediate services provided by banking and insurance institutions.

Government Consumption Expenditure  refers to the consumption expenditure spent for the provision of public services provided by the government to the whole country and the net expenditure on the goods and services provided by the government to households free of charge or at low prices. The former equals to the output value of the government services minus the value of operating income obtained by the government departments. The latter equals to the market value of the goods and services provided by the government free of charge or at low prices to the households minus the value received by the government from the households.

Gross Capital Formation  refers to resident units’ acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets and inventory during a given period, including gross fixed capital formation and changes in inventories.

Gross Fixed Capital Formation  refers to the value of acquisitions less disposals of fixed assets during a given period. Fixed assets are the assets produced through production activities with unit value above a specified amount and which could be used for over one year. Natural assets, consumer durables, small instruments are not included. Gross fixed capital formation includes the value of housing, other buildings and structure, equipment and machinery, breeding biological resources, intellectual property right product (expenditure for R&D, the prospecting of minerals and the acquisition of computer software) minus the disposal of them.

Changes in Inventories  refer to the market value of the change in the physical volume of inventory of resident units during a given period, i.e. the difference between the values at the beginning and at the end of the period minus the gains due to the change in prices. The changes in inventories can have a positive or a negative value. A positive value indicates an increase in inventory while a negative value indicates a decrease in inventory. The inventory includes raw materials, fuels and reserve materials purchased by the production units as well as the inventory of finished products, semi-finished products and work-in-progress.

Net Export of Goods and Services  refers to the exports of goods and services subtracting the imports of goods and services. Exports include the value of various goods and services sold or gratuitously transferred by resident units to non-resident units. Imports include the value of various goods and services purchased or gratuitously acquired by resident units from non-resident units. The exports and imports of goods are calculated at FOB.