主要统计指标解释
［全社会固定资产投资］是以货币形式表现的在一定时期内全社会建造和购置固定资产的工作量以及与此有关费用的总称。该指标是反映固定资产投资规模、结构和发展速度的综合性指标。全社会固定资产投资按登记注册类型可分为国有、集体、联营、股份制、私营和个体、港澳台商、外商、其他等。
［固定资产投资（不含农户）］指城镇和农村各种登记注册类型的企业、事业、行政单位及城镇个体户进行的计划总投资500万元及以上的建设项目投资和房地产开发投资，包括原口径的城镇固定资产投资加上农村企事业组织项目投资，该口径自2011年起开始使用。
［民间固定资产投资］指具有集体、私营、个人性质的内资企事业单位以及由其控股（包括绝对控股和相对控股）的企业单位在中华人民共和国境内建造或购置固定资产的投资。
［基础设施投资］指为社会生产和生活提供基础性、大众性服务的工程和设施，是社会赖以生存和发展的基本条件。包括以下行业投资：铁路运输业、道路运输业、水上运输业、航空运输业、管道运输业、多式联运和运输代理业、装卸搬运业、邮政业、电信广播电视和卫星传输服务业、互联网和相关服务业、水利管理业、生态保护和环境治理业、公共设施管理业。
［固定资产投资按国民经济行业分］指根据其从事的社会经济活动性质对各类单位进行的分类。应根据建设项目建成投产后的主要产品种类或主要用途及社会经济活动种类来划分，不能根据项目单位本身的行业类别来划分。如果项目投产后有几种产品，应根据主要产品来确定行业类别。一般情况下，一个建设项目只能属于一种国民经济行业。
［固定资产投资按隶属关系分］是按建设单位或企业、事业、行政单位的主管上级机关确定的。
（1）中央 是指中共中央、人大常委会和国务院各部、委、局、总公司以及直属机构直接领导的建设项目和企业、事业、行政单位。这些单位的固定资产投资计划由国务院各部门直接编制和下达，统一组织或委托下级实施。包括有中央垂直管理的部门（如国家统计局各级调查队）和中央直属企业、事业单位（如工商银行、中国电信、中国石油）等。
（2）地方 是由省（自治区、直辖市）、地（区、市、州、盟）、县（区、市、旗）三级政府及业务主管部门直接领导和管理的建设项目、企业、事业、行政单位。地方项目还包括不隶属以上各级政府及主管部门的建设项目和企业、事业单位，如外商投资企业和无主管部门的企业等。
［固定资产投资按建设性质分］按整个建设项目情况来确定。建设项目的性质一般分为新建、扩建、改建和技术改造、单纯建造生活设施、迁建、恢复、单纯购置。农户投资不划分建设性质。
（1）新建 指从无到有“平地起家”开始建设的项目。现有企业、事业、行政单位投资的项目一般不属于新建。但如有的单位原有基础很小，经过建设后新增的固定资产价值超过该企业、事业、行政单位原有固定资产价值（原值）三倍以上的，也应作为新建。
（2）扩建 指在厂内或其他地点，为扩大原有产品的生产能力（或效益）或增加新的产品生产能力，而增建的生产车间（或主要工程）、分厂、独立的生产线等项目。行政、事业单位在原单位增建业务性用房（如学校增建教学用房、医院增建门诊部、病房等）也作为扩建。
现有企、事业单位为扩大原有主要产品生产能力或增加新的产品生产能力，增建一个或几个主要生产车间（或主要工程）、分厂，同时进行一些更新改造工程的，也应作为扩建。
（3）改建和技术改造 指现有企业、事业单位对原有设施进行技术改造或更新（包括相应配套的辅助性生产、生活福利设施）的建设项目。改建项目包括企业、事业单位为适应市场变化的需要，而改变企业的主要产品种类（如军工企业转民用产品等）的建设项目；原有产品生产作业线由于各工序（车间）之间能力不平衡，为填平补齐充分发挥原有生产能力而增建但不增加主要产品生产能力的建设项目。技术改造是指企业、事业单位在现有基础上用先进的技术代替落后的技术，用先进的工艺和装备代替落后的工艺和装备，以改变企业落后的技术经济面貌，实现以内涵为主的扩大再生产，达到提高产品质量、促进产品更新换代、节约能源、降低消耗、扩大生产规模、全面提高社会经效益的目的。技术改造具体包括以下内容：机器设备和工具的更新改造；生产工艺改革、节约能源和原材料的改造；厂房建筑和公共设施的改造；保护环境进行的“三废”治理改造；劳动条件和生产环境的改造等。
［固定资产投资按构成分］
（1）建筑工程 指各种房屋、建筑物的建造工程。这部分投资额必须兴工动料，通过施工活动才能实现，是固定资产投资额的重要组成部分。
（2）安装工程 指各种设备、装置的安装工程。
在安装工程中，不包括被安装设备本身价值。
（3）设备工器具购置 指报告期内购置或自制的，达到固定资产标准的设备、工具、器具的价值。新建单位及扩建单位的新建车间，按照设计或计划要求购置或自制的全部设备、工具、器具，不论是否达到固定资产标准均计入“设备工器具购置”中。
（4）其他费用 指在固定资产建造和购置过程中发生的，除建筑安装工程和设备、工器具购置投资完成额以外的应当分摊计入固定资产投资的费用，不指经营中财务上的其他费用。
［本年新增生产能力（或工程效益）］指在本年度内按照新增生产能力（或工程效益）的计算条件和标准，实际建成投入生产或交付使用的生产能力（或工程效益）
［房地产开发投资］指房地产开发企业本年完成的全部用于房屋建设工程、土地开发工程的投资额以及公益性建筑和土地购置费等的投资。
［房屋施工面积］指房地产开发企业本年施工的全部房屋建筑面积。包括本年新开工的房屋建筑面积、上年跨入本年继续施工的房屋建筑面积、上年停缓建在本年恢复施工的房屋建筑面积、本年竣工的房屋建筑面积以及本年施工后又停缓建的房屋建筑面积。多层建筑应填各层建筑面积之和。
［房屋新开工面积］指房地产开发企业本年新开工建设的房屋建筑面积，以单位工程为核算对象。不包括在上年开工跨入本年继续施工的房屋建筑面积和上年停缓建而在本年恢复施工的房屋建筑面积。房屋的开工应以房屋正式开始破土刨槽（地基处理或打永久桩）的日期为准。房屋新开工面积指整栋房屋的全部建筑面积，不能分割计算。
［房屋竣工面积］指房地产开发企业本年按照设计要求已全部完工，达到住人和使用条件，经验收鉴定合格或达到竣工验收标准，可正式移交使用的各栋房屋建筑面积的总和。
［商品房销售面积］指房地产开发企业本年出售商品房屋的合同总面积（即双方签署的正式买卖合同中所确定的建筑面积）。
［商品房销售额］指房地产开发企业本年出售商品房屋的合同总价款(即双方签署的正式买卖合同中所确定的合同总价)。该指标与商品房销售面积同口径。
Explanatory Notes on Main Statistical Indicators
Total Investment in Fixed Assets in the Whole Country refers to the volume of activities in construction and purchases of fixed assets of the whole country and related fees, expressed in monetary terms during the reference period. It is a comprehensive indicator which shows the size, structure and growth of the investment in fixed assets, providing a basis for observing the progress of construction projects and evaluating results of investment. Total investment in fixed assets in the whole country by registration status includes: the investment by state-owned units, collective-owned units, joint ownership units, share-holding units, private units, individuals as well as investments by entrepreneurs from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, foreign investors and others.
Investment in Fixed Assets (Excluding Rural Households) refers to the investment in construction projects with a total planned investment of 5 million yuan and above，carried out by enterprises of various ownerships, institutions, administrative units in both urban and rural areas, urban self-employed individuals, as well as investment in real estate development. Since 2011, it covers the urban investment in fixed assets under the previous statistical coverage and the investments by rural enterprises and institutions.
Non-governmental Investment in Fixed Assets refers to the investment in the construction or purchase of fixed assets in the territory of the People's Republic of China by domestic-funded enterprises and institutions with an ownership of collective, private and personal nature and by enterprises and institutions controlled by them (including absolute and relative holding).
Infrastructure Investment refers to projects and facilities that provide basic and public services for social production and life, which constitute the basic condition for the survival and development of society. It includes: railway transport, road transport, water transport, air transport, pipeline transport, multimodal transport and transport agents, loading and unloading, posts, telecommunications, radio and television and satellite transmission services, internet and related services, management of water conservancy, ecological protection and environmental governance, public facilities management.
Investment in Fixed Assets by Sector refers to the classification of investment by the nature of social economic activities where the investing units are engaged in. The classification of construction projects by sector is determined by the major products or the purpose of the projects when they are put into production or use, and by the nature of their social economic activities, instead of being determined by industrial classification of the investing enterprises. The project will be classified according to the major product in case there are several categories of products after the project in completed and put into operation. In general, one project can only be classified into one sector.
Investment in Fixed Assets by Jurisdiction of Management refers to the classification of investment by the competent authorities under which investment is made by construction units, enterprises, institutions or administrative units.
(1) Central government projects refer to the investment in projects or by enterprises, institutions or administrative units which are under the direct leadership and management of the Central Committee of the CPC, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, the State Council and of the national commissions, ministries, agencies and state-owned large corporations. Various ministries and departments of the State Council prepare and implement plans through unified organization or lower-level commissions, which include departments direct under central government (i.e. survey offices at all level of the National Bureau of Statistics) and enterprises and institutions directly under central government (like the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Telecom, China National Petroleum Corporation, etc.).
(2) Local projects refer to the investment in projects or by enterprises, institutions or administrative units which are under the direct leadership and management of competent departments and governments at the level of province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), prefecture （prefectures, cities and leagues） and county (districts, cities and banners). Also included are projects or enterprises, institutions or administrative units which are not under the jurisdiction of any of the above-mentioned authorities, such as enterprises invested by foreign enterprises or enterprises without competent managing authorities.
Investment in Fixed Assets by Type of Construction Construction projects in general can be classified, by the type of construction, into new construction, expansion, reconstruction and technical transformation, construction only for living facilities, moving, restoration and pure purchases. However, investment by rural households is not classified by type of construction.
(1) New construction in general refers to construction projects which start from scratch. The projects invested by existing enterprises, institutions and administrative agencies cannot be classified as new construction. In case the size of the existing unit is quite small, and the value of newly added fixed assets is more than three times of the original value, the investment will be classified as new construction.
(2) Expansion refers to projects of construction of new production workshop, branch factory or independent production line within a factory or in other locations, for the purpose of increasing the production capacity (or improving efficiency) or adding new production capacity. Newly constructed accommodation for the operation of institutions and administrative organizations (such as newly constructed buildings for teaching in schools, buildings for clinics or wards in hospitals, etc.) are also classified as expansion.
Also classified as expansion are investments by existing enterprises or institutions in building major production line(s) or branch factory (ies) along with some work on innovation, for the purpose of expanding the production capacity of original products or producing new products.
(3) Reconstruction and technical transformation refers to construction projects by existing enterprises or institutions in innovation or technical transformation of the old facilities (including auxiliary production equipment and welfare facilities). Considered as reconstruction is the construction of new workshops by the existing enterprises or institutions to change the variety of products to meet the market demand (such as the production of civil products by defence industries), or to bring the designed production capacity into full play through a more balanced production process on production lines. Technical transformation refers to replacement of old technology or equipment by new technology or equipment, in order to expand the reproduction through improvement of technology contents in production, to improve product quality, to promote new products, to save energy, to reduce consumption, to expand the production scale and to improve overall social-economic efficiency. Contents of technical transformation include: updating of machinery, equipment and tools; reforming production process by using energy or materials saving technology; construction of factory workshops and transformation of public facilities; treatment of “three wastes” (waste gas, waste water and industrial residue) aiming at environmental protection; improvement of working conditions and environment, etc.
Investment in Fixed Assets by Composition of Funds
(1) Construction refers to the construction of houses and buildings. This part of investment can only be achieved through construction activities using labour force and materials, and it is the major component of the total investment in fixed assets.
(2) Installation refers to the installation of various kinds of equipment and instruments, also known as work volume of installation.
The value of equipment installed itself is not included in the value of installation projects.
(3) Purchase of equipment and instruments refers to the total value of equipment, tools, and instruments purchased or self-produced which come up to the standards for fixed assets during the reference period. Equipment, tools and instruments purchased or self-produced for new workshops by newly established or expanded units are categorized as “purchase of equipment and instruments” no matter whether they come up to the standards for fixed assets.
(4) Other expenses refer to expenses arising during the construction or purchase of fixed assets other than those expenses on construction, installation and purchase of equipment and instruments. Other financial expenses arising in operation are not included.
Newly Increased Production Capacity (project efficiency) of Current Year refers to the production capacity (project efficiency) that has been completed and put into operation in current year that meet the calculation criteria and standards on newly increased production capacity (project efficiency).
Investment in Real Estate Development refers to the investment made by real estate development enterprises in the construction of buildings, development of land, nonprofit buildings and value of land purchased.
Floor Space of Buildings under Construction refers to the total space area of the buildings under construction in the year by real estate development enterprises. It includes buildings started in the year, continued from the previous year, suspended in earlier years but restarted in the year, completed in the year, and buildings under construction but suspended in the year. The floor space of a multi-storied building should be the sum of floor space of all the stories.
Floor Space of Buildings Started in the Year refers to the total floor space area of the buildings started in the year by real estate development enterprises. It excludes the buildings started in previous years and continued in the year, and the buildings suspended in previous years but restarted in the year. The start of a construction is defined by the date of ground breaking or pile driving. The floor space of the buildings started in the year includes that of the entire building.
Floor Space of Buildings Completed refers to the total floor space area of each building completed in the year by real estate development enterprises, which meet the requirements as designed, up to the standard for being resided in and put into use, has been checked and accepted by departments concerned as qualified or up to the standard of buildings completed and can be handed over for putting into use.
Floor Space of Commercial Buildings Sold refers to total contracted area of commercial buildings (i.e. area of floor space as designated in the formal contracts signed by both sides) sold by real estate development enterprises in the year.
Sales of Commercial Buildings refers to the total contracted value (i.e. value of sales/purchase for selling/purchase of commercial buildings as designated in the contract signed by both sides) received from the sales of the buildings by real estate development enterprises in the year. This indicator has the same statistical coverage as the area of commercial buildings sold.